I recommend that you put information in the ID of the checkbox (or possibly in other attributes) so that you can determine what column the checkbox belongs to.  Then, you can define your function like this:

function myFunction(sender) { ...}

... and call your function like this:

<input type="checkbox" id="something" onclick="myFunction(this)" ... />

If you already have other parameters to your function, add the "sender" parameter to the end, and make sure that you pass "this" as the value when you call it from the event.

By passing "this" as a parameter to an event handler of an HTML element, you pass a reference to the HTML element that raised the event.  In this setup, you know that "sender" is the checkbox that raised the event.  You can then inspect properties such as "sender.id" to determine the column to which the checkbox belongs.